Purpose and process

MODAUX

Must

• it’s absolutely necessary to obey a rule, law, order, or instruction
• to express logical conclusion or it’s the normal thing to expect:
• to say to someone that you strongly recommend or advise something because it’s a good idea

Should

• to talk about what we think is the right or correct thing to do, especially from the point of view of duty or appropriateness:
• to give or ask for advice or suggestions
• to predict that something will probably happen or is expected to be the case, based on logic or a typical situation

Ought to

• to express the right thing to do, morally correct, polite, or someone’s duty
• to predict that something is fairly likely or expected, based on normal circumstances or logic        
• to offer or ask for advice or recommendations

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PURPOSE AND PROCESS

PURPOSE

Nouns:

• -Aim, Purpose, Function, Object, Objective, Use, Goal, Target, …

Verbs:

• -Is designed to/for, Is used to/for, Is planned to/for, Is devised to/for, Is aimed at
• -To produce, To control, To form, To provide, To supply

Fixed expressions :

• -So that, In order to, So as to, It is responsible for
• “in order to” and “so as to” = “to”
• “so that” is always followed by a clause (subject + verb)

-Platinum contacts should be used SO THAT oxidization is prevented

PROCESS is concerned with the way things are done, with answering the question “How…?”.

Adverbial and prepositional phrases

• -By, By means of, Through, Via, Thereby, Thus, Thanks to (+positive result),Owing to (+negative result)

Verbs

• -To let, To make it possible, To allow, To enable

NOTES :

• -“To let” ~ “to allow / permit”. (it cannot be used in the passive form, is often extended to include physical possibility)
• -“To enable / make it possible”, making something feasible, physically possible
• -“To allow / permit”, making something feasible by giving permission or authorization

-Structure:

• To let ➔ VERB + OBJECT + INFIN without to
• To allow/ enable/ permit ➔ VERB + OBJECT (a noun) + INFIN with to

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