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Guerre d'Irak - en anglais

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Agenda

I.

Conflict Background ................................................................Pages 4 to 8

I. II.

II.

Irak

USA

Irak 2003 : The Conflict ..................... .....................................Pages 9 to 13

I.

II.

III.

II.

Actors

Informally Stakes

Linked to official and informal reasons ..................................Pages 20 to 27

I.

II.

V.

Calendar of events

Conflict Analysis .................................. .....................................Pages 14 to 19

I.

IV.

Reasons of the conflict

Personal opinions

Theories

To conclude .......................................... .....................................Page 28

Summary

The Iraq war was launched on March 19, 2003, with a strike against a location where

Iraqi President Saddam Hussein and top lieutenants were believed to be meeting. On March

17, President Bush had given Saddam an ultimatum to leave the country or face military

conflict. Although some resistance was encountered after U.S. troops entered Iraq, all major

Iraqi population centers had been brought under U.S. control by April 14.

In November 2002, the United Nations Security Council had adopted Resolution 1441,

giving Iraq a final opportunity to “comply with it’s the disarmament obligations” or “face

serious consequences.” During January and February 2003, a U.S. military buildup in the

Persian Gulf intensified and President Bush, other top U.S. officials, and British Prime

Minister Tony Blair repeatedly indicated that Iraq had little time left to offer full cooperation

with U.N. weapons inspectors. However, leaders of France, Germany, Russia, and China

urged that the inspections process be allowed more time.

More than 3,600 American troops have been killed in the Iraq War and over 26,000

wounded. Nearly 300 troops from other allied forces have been killed. Sources say more than

50,000 Iraqi insurgents have been killed in the war and estimates of Iraqi civilians dead range

from 50,000 to 600,000. The United States has spent over $600 billion on the war and may

ultimately spend a trillion or more dollars.

Foreign Policy Implications:

The war in Iraq and its fallout have been at the center of U.S. foreign policy since the

overt march to war began in 2002. The war and surrounding issues (like Iran) occupy the

attention of nearly all those in leadership at the White House, State Department, and

Pentagon. And the war has fueled anti-American sentiment around the world, making global

diplomacy all the more difficult.

I. Conflict Background

Iraq and other "Persian Gulf" countries were created following World War I as

protectorates of Great Britain. They were carved out of Mesopotamia, formerly part of the

Ottoman Empire. Iraq itself includes three major groups: Sunni Muslim Arabs in the center

surrounding the capital of Baghdad, Kurds in the north and Shia Muslims in the south. About

15% of the population is Kurdish, 80% Arab. Some 60% are Shi'ite Arab Muslims like their

neighbors in Iran, but they are Arabs, not Persians.

There are also significant Assyrian and Turkmen minorities in the north. None of of

these groups were given any national rights in the League of nations settlement. National and

tribal disputes, as well as friction with Western powers trying to control Iraqi oil, have played

a great part in Iraqi history.

Oil is a raw material which is really coveted and from 1920, Britain decided to

exploits Iraq territory to get the black gold. Then, Great Britain separates the country into 2

parts, with a new part: Kuwait. The purpose was to reduce the oil territory in Iraq, to

supervise more easily the population. By the way, Iraq was a monarchy which has been

reversed to become a republic, the 14th July 1958.

From this republic, a strong feeling of nationalism increases in the Arab World linked

to the beginning of decolonization. The main group of nationalist party advocating, socialism,

secularism is entitled BAAS & has been created in 1968. In 1972, USSR supports Iraq during

Cold War, and the country take the power to nationalize oil.

The main character of this party is Saddam Hussein. He became the Raïs in 1979.

In 1980, S.Hussein decide to attack Iran. From this moment, the Gulf War Iran-Iraq

will last 8 years. During this war, Iraq has borrowed lot of money

...

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