A-NARRATION IN THE PAST
Cours : A-NARRATION IN THE PAST. Recherche parmi 298 000+ dissertationsPar fcghvjb • 24 Avril 2019 • Cours • 2 228 Mots (9 Pages) • 864 Vues
GRAMMAR
A-NARRATION IN THE PAST
1 today
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- 2
LAST MONTH the state HELPED the homeowners (1)
who WERE STRUGGLING (2) because they HAD BORROWED too much money.(3)
=PRETERIT when DATE!!
=PRETERIT CONTINUOUS only for actions in progress at the time of reference
=PAST PERFECT only for a past action that occurred before another past action
B-PRETERIT vs PRESENT PERFECT
I worked last Sunday. The war lasted 100 years. I lived in China when I was a child. I lived in China for 10 years. (=pendant) | I have worked a lot recently. I have never met the president. I have lived in China—that’s why I speak Chinese. I have lived in China for 10 years. (=depuis) |
=PRETERIT For finished actions which indicate « when » The focus is on the past. | =PRESENT PERFECT No precise indication as to « when » >for actions which are finished or not, taking place in a period of time that comes all the way to the present but the exact moment is not specified; the focus in on the effects of the actions on the present Eg « I’ve lived in China » [that’s why I speak Chinese] |
C- « DEPUIS »
2010 NY today
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1 2
1 = I HAVE LIVED in New York SINCE 2010. (1)
2 = I HAVE LIVED in New York FOR five years. (2)
I HAVEN’T BEEN there IN five years.
=PRESENT PERFECT + FOR (duration) ou + SINCE (beginning) ou + IN (negative)
D-« PENDANT »[pic 13][pic 14]
I stayed in Paris FOR three months. during three months
DURING my stay/those three months, I met a lot of people.
WHILE (I was) staying in Paris, I met a lot of people.
=FOR + durée avec nombre =pour indiquer combien de temps :
for three months, two days, five hours, many years ….
=DURING + période au cours de laquelle qch se passe =cadre de l’action, pour dire à quel moment:
during the war, the week-end, the conference, during these two years…
=WHILE + verbe (quelquefois sous entendu) =pendant que
while I was staying there, while staying in London, while in London…
E-NO FUTURE IN SUBORDINATE CLAUSES
I WILL call you WHEN (as soon as, after …) I AM in Paris.
I WILL help you ONCE (after…) I HAVE COOKED dinner .
F-« IF CLAUSES »
« potentiel » | IF the weather IS nice | we WILL GO |
=IF + PRESENT | FUTURE | |
« irréel du présent » | IF the weather WAS (WERE) nice | we WOULD GO |
=IF+ PRETERIT | CONDITIONAL | |
« irréel du passé » | IF the weather HAD BEEN nice | we WOULD HAVE GONE |
=IF+ PLUPERFECT | PAST CONDITIONAL |
[pic 15]WOULD go vs COULD go, MIGHT go, SHOULD go (=devrait)
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