La complexité du commerce international dans le monde

The multilateral trade system of the GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade) has been created in 1947 in order to avoid any world economic crisis through the Liberalism, the Free Trade and the Most Favored Nation Clause

An essential condition and factor of success is the respect of the multilateral trade liberalism (multi lateralism) based on the Clause of the Most Favoured Nation of the GATT, which states the indispensable respect of the atomicity of the international markets between independant international trade actors.

THE WORLD TRADE SYSTEM IS MULTILATERAL

In the early 50’s, the competition between Nations starts emerging and creates commercial tensions between them. The terms of the international exchanges starts then changing

The evolution of trade and the international competition field give rise to a trade system of tariff preferences, subsidies on exports, restitutions on imports and the development of regional trade agreements: Customs Unions and Free Trade Areas.

THE WORLD TRADE SYSTEM IS MULTILATERAL AND REGIONAL

The Clause of the Most Favoured Nation of the GATT, starts then turning into a kind of Clause of the Least Discriminated Nation leading to a complex multiplication of bilateral trade agreements deemed to be a world economy chaos and disorder in which new institutional actors play a role of regulation and stability of the international trade structures and monetary balances of the world : World Bank, Asian Development Bank, African Development Bank, IMF, EU , WTO, UNCTAD, WCO, NGOs….

In recent years there has been a growing awareness that trade decisions also affect broader interests of society in areas such as health, environment, and labor standards. This non-economic dimension of trade policy has grown progressively as the trade agenda has expanded from barriers at the border, such as tariffs and quotas, to domestic regulatory measures such as environmental and health measures.

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