Business environnement
Cours : Business environnement. Recherche parmi 298 000+ dissertationsPar thevenoux josephine • 16 Février 2018 • Cours • 4 306 Mots (18 Pages) • 496 Vues
Business Environment – An interdisciplinary approach
PART I : POLITICAL ECONOMY & LEGAL ENVIRONMENT
Chapter 1 : Challenges of interdisciplinary analysis & the problem of values in business-related (academic) texts
I. How to understand a complex (international) environment ?
Way 1 : Apply the notions, categories, concepts, references (=the language) of ONE research discipline to all fields of the reality not only to the traditional subject of this discipline.
Ex : science of law to analyse ecological problems, economics in everyday life, science of technology to analyse the globalisation on financial markets
Way 2 : Step 1) Respect the diversity of the reality by respecting different research perspectives (disciplines) = learn the basis of disciplines to understand the different aspects of a problem.
Step 2) Integrate them in a general analytical framework (interdisciplinary)
- Clarifying ideas – Peter FACIONE
Interpretation, context, and purpose
“The purpose and context of the material determines how it should be interpreted and used”
*How precise is precise enough ?
In what social-cultural-historical context was this written ?
What was the author's purpose in writing it ?
Who was the author's intended audience ?
What does the author believe that the audience already knows ?
*Language and thought = written communication increased the risk of vagueness and ambiguity
*Vagueness = Does the term include this case or not ?
*Problematic vagueness = vaguenes which cause problems for the interpretation of a term in a given context and for a given purpose
*Ambiguity = Does the term mean this, or does it mean that ?
*Problematic ambiguity = ambiguity leading to troublesome misunderstanding or uncertainty about how to proceed (in a given context and for a given purpose)
*Contextualizing
*Negotiating the meaning
*Using qualifications, exceptions, or exclusions
*Stipulating the meaning : often necessary in financial and legal matters : here a word's meaning must be circumscribed as precisely and completely as possible
*National and global language communities
*Language communities formed of people with like interests
*Academic disciplines as language communities (terminology differs, meaning of words differs)
*Critical thinking and college introductory courses
II. The nature of the (international) business environment
Political | States, regional cooperation, global organizations | Ex: Question of rules and government, role of the USA |
Legal | International trade law, private law, public law | Ex: Question of necessity of laws and legal coordination |
Economic | Different type of market, foreign trade | Ex: Interdependence of financial and real economy |
Social | North-South, working conditions, poverty | Ex: The burden of the crisis for the poor in the world |
Environmental | Sustainable development, climate problems | Ex: The way out the crisis and the climate problem |
Cultural | Cultural diversity, problem of ethnocentrism | Ex: What is Anglo-Saxon, what is universal ? |
Ethical aspects | International social justice, fair trade | Ex: What is unfair ? Who is responsible ? Who should pay ? |
III. The chosen way of analysis for the module
Political economy corresponds here to an approach where:
- the political aspects (question of power) are discussed by the analysis of the institutional environment
- the economic aspects are treated predominantly by analysing the the logic and the recent development of a (international) market economy
- the cultural and ethical aspects are opened for discussion by
a) revealing the different value elements especially in theories and, above all, in the language of (academic) documents and by
b) analysing the question of international justice and trade ethics
IV. Political economy
Definition & Risks of confusions
V. The problem of “languages”
- Technical dimension (every discipline has its own terms or specific meanings of the same terms)
- International/cultural dimension (problem of translation between different culture areas)
- Value judgements (does there exist a “neutral/objective” language or does every language imply value judgements/subjectivity ?)
- Purposeful, reflective judgement – Peter FACIONE
-Risk and uncertainty abound
*Critical thinking and free society : “information is power”, “perception management”
*The one and the many : we can observe serious consequences for many because of the stupid (=without critical thinking) of an individual (ex financial crisis)
-What do we mean by “critical thinking” ?
*Expert consensus conceptualization
Def : Critical thinking
1) The process of purposeful (well-reasoned + fair minded), self regulatory judgement (=capacity to monitor our own thinking process and to correct mistakes we might detect)
2) Persuasive human phenomenon
3) Reasoned and reflective judgement of what to believe or what to do
Critical thinking is necessary for decision taking, problem solving and learning
Critical thinking is intended to be used to seek the trhuh with intellectual eneergy and with integrity = open-minded + analytical
VI. The problem of values in business-related (academic) texts
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