Scientific thinking

PART I

Question 1

1. Q1) which will reach the ground first

              Q2) which will make a louder noise upon hitting the ground

              Q3) which has a higher gravitational force on it

1. Object 1: be the last to reach the ground

Object 2: the second to reach the ground

Object 3: first to reach the ground

1. Hypothesis: when I throw the 3 items from the same point, the heaviest object will be the first to reach the ground.
2. Predictions: If the key chain is the heaviest it will reach the ground first.
3. The keychain is the heaviest object. Therefore it will be the first to reach the ground.
4. Yes, this experiment is repeatable in the presence of air resistance and under newton’s theory on gravity (2nd law)

Question 3

Yes, the theory of gravitation is falsifiable because our technology may not be able to prove otherwise and according to Einstein this theory cold be refuted.

Question 2:

For case 1 and 2:

The dependent variable is Mass, the independent variable is the force, and the controlled variable is the distance between the two balls.

For case 3:

The dependent variable is the distance, the independent variable is the force while the controlled variable is the mass of both balls.

[pic 1]

[pic 2]

Conclusions:

 -The force made by m1 on m2 while colliding is the same as the force made by m2 on m1.

-I also deduce that the gravitational theory states that any two objects collide one another with a force that is directly proportional to the mass is inversely proportional to distance.

Question 4

Aristotle’s claim as falsified, for it was based on what people observed in their daily lives. Unlike Galileo, Aristotle did not include all factors when he made his claim “That if an object is 10X heavier than another object, then it will fall 10X faster” (and people actually believed this claim) Air resistance and physical testing were ignored in this claim, while Galileo made sure to demonstrate his theory by testing it and including factors- in this case air resistance- by dropping two objects from the leaning tower of Ibiza to show all people that Aristotle’s theory can be falsified and proven otherwise.

Question 5

The theory about the earth orbits the sun was made by the Greek astronomer Aristarchus of Samos, yet it was proven later with better technology by researchers in NASA with better technology and further research and observations. We can also be witnesses for we watch the sunrise and sunset every day.

Question 6

5/5 people in this short interview answered correctly to the questions without knowing exact reasons for them.

1. False, falling objects don’t fall with constant speed, the speed changes all the time, in fact the falling bodies accelerate for they have different masses.
2. False, the more the mass, the higher the gravitational false, in order for bodies to reach the ground at the same time

Question 7:

In astrophysics, a black hole is a celestial object so compact that the intensity of its gravitational field prevents any form of matter or radiation to escape. Such objects can neither emit nor reflect light and are black, which in astronomy means that they are invisible. However, several techniques of indirect observation in different wavelengths have been developed and used to study phenomena that they induce. In particular, the matter caught by a black hole is heated to significant temperatures before being "swallowed up" and emits large amounts of X-ray. Seen from the eighteenth century, in the context of classical mechanics, their existence - predicted by general relativity - is a certainty for almost all astrophysicists and theoretical physicists.

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