Algeria

Algeria, a Maghreb country whose capital is Algiers, is the largest in terms of area. With an area of 2,381,741 km2, it is both the largest country in Africa in the Arab world and the Mediterranean basin. This country of the Maghreb is also made up of a multitude of reliefs. To the north, from West to East, it is formed by a double mountain barrier the Atlas Tellian and Saharan with chains such as Dahra, Ouarsenis, or Aurès. It should also be noted that the soil is covered by numerous forests in the centre, vast plains in the east and the Sahara, which alone accounts for 84% of the territory, which is enormous.

Moreover, this vast country is attributed its own history, particularly with its most important and decisive event in the country’s current state: the acquisition of its independence. After the end of the Second World War in 1945, separatist movements appeared, This led to a clash between a demonstrator who wanted independence and the French army, killing 15,000 people in 15 days from 8 to 22 May 1945. These movements had for ideologies the independence of Algeria, the end of the French colonization and the inequality of rights.

Following the French defeat of Dien Bien Phu in 1954, the Indochinese communists acquired their independence, which had the effect of radicalising the Algerian separatist movements thus causing the start of the Algerian war. It was during the proclamation of the National Liberation Front, which sets out the objectives of the armed struggle for national independence through the restoration of the sovereign Algerian state which leads to a wave of attacks against the French in Algeria marking the beginning of the war on November 1, 1954. At the end of a very violent conflict of almost 8 years and more than a century of colonial occupation, Algeria proudly acquired its independence on July 5, 1962. However, if this aspect is positive for the country, it is not the same for the deep scars left by the population concerned with the still sensitive consequences that have affected today’s Algeria. The results of the war are severe, with more than 400,000 dead.

From an economic point of view, the Algerian currency is the Algerian dinar (DA). Algeria first experienced an economic crisis with its independence because the economy was run by black feet or their departures to France caused a huge crisis. But Algeria is now Africa’s second largest economy after South Africa, with a GDP of more than 188.6 billion in 2012. This Maghreb country possesses in the south of the Sahara a large reserve of gas, oil, zinc, uranium or even gold mined by the national company Sonatrach. It should be noted that natural gas, representing the ninth largest production in the world, and oil each account for about 49% of Algerian exports. It is one of the main suppliers of the European, Italian and Spanish markets in particular. Hydrocarbons gener ate most of the government’s revenue, the redistribution of which is a major political issue.

The economy is still poorly diversified. Sheepmeat dominates the High Plains. The Mediterranean fringe, the site of the main towns, carries some crops such as wheat or barley, sometimes irrigated. Services account for only a third of the gross domestic product. Emigration to France has not stopped unemployment, which remains high, especially among young people.

The economy, which suffered in the 1990s from the violence in the country, is now back to growth,

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