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Le New Deal comme «faux libéralisme»: le point de vue d'Herbert Hoover (document en anglais)

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-Introduction-

The New Deal as “False Liberalism” : the View of Herbert Hoover

The New Deal was the 1932 election program of Franklin D. Roosevelt thanks to which he

became the 32nd President of the United States. Shortly after he took office in March 1933, he

launched several programs in order to make the country recover from the impact of the 1929 crisis.

These programs introduced more control of the federal government over the economy and therefore

rose criticism especially among Republicans who saw the New Deal as a threat to independence and

liberty. Among them a crop control policy : the Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) enacted in May

1933 which offered farmers subsidies in exchange of limitation of the production of specific crops.

Among Roosevelt's critics was former President Herbert Hoover who published a book in

1934 entitled The Challenge to Liberty in which he gave his opinion on the New Deal.

H. Hoover was the 31st President of the United States, from 1929 to 1932, he lost the 1932

election to F. D. Roosevelt. His term was stained by the 1929 crisis. He was a supporter of the letalone

policy; he refused to allow the federal government to have too much power and believed in

“associationalism” which means having business and professional organisations working together

to solve the nation's problems and having the federal government playing only a coordination role

between the two bodies*. However, H. Hoover's policies were vain, the depression only worsened

and reached extreme ends leading to social unrest, racial violence and made the President very

unpopular.

In a passage of his book, Hoover call the New Deal false Liberalism, describing Roosevelt's reforms

as a threat to freedom and individualism defended by the United States constitution. He considered

that there could be no control by the federal government without control of people's lives and the

loss of their freedom.

Considering Hoover's statement one may wonder to what extent was the New Deal in

contradiction with American foundations. At some point, the policies of the New Deal created

dependency on the government but it created also opportunities in time of crisis. Moreover, the lack

of regulations was itself a threat to the American ideals.

*Source : A People and a Nation, Mary Beth NORTON et al.

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